What are Ego Defense Mechanisms?

• A. Unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms
• B. Conscious coping strategies
• C. Hormonal changes
• D. Somatic responses

Answer: (A)

Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious psychological processes that protect the mind from anxiety or conflict by distorting reality or managing internal feelings. They operate without the person’s awareness, helping to reduce distress when faced with threats to self-esteem, guilt, or unacceptable impulses. Because they happen automatically and shape behavior without deliberate intention, they’re best described as unconscious psychological adaptive mechanisms.

Many people use these mechanisms; for example, repression pushes distressing thoughts out of awareness, denial refuses to acknowledge painful reality, and projection attributes one's own unacceptable feelings to someone else. These differ from conscious coping strategies, which are deliberate, planned ways of dealing with stress. They also aren’t about hormonal changes or physical body responses, which are physiological, not mental, processes.