Which hormone is produced by the adrenal cortex during the alarm stage?

• A. Cortisol
• B. Epinephrine
• C. ADH
• D. Endorphins

Answer: (A)

During the alarm stage of the stress response, the body activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to prepare for sustained action. The adrenal cortex releases cortisol in response to ACTH. Cortisol increases blood glucose and mobilizes energy stores, helping to sustain the alert and ready state that characterizes this early phase of stress. It also supports cardiovascular and metabolic adjustments and modulates the immune response to cope with the challenge.

Epinephrine, in contrast, comes from the adrenal medulla and drives rapid, short-term changes like increased heart rate and quick energy release. ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and acts on the kidneys to regulate water balance, while endorphins are produced in the brain and pituitary as natural analgesics. So, the hormone produced by the adrenal cortex during the alarm stage is cortisol.