Which statement about ART and metabolic syndrome is true?

• A. ART prevents metabolic syndrome
• B. ART can contribute to metabolic syndrome, including lipid abnormalities
• C. ART has no effect on lipid levels
• D. Metabolic syndrome always occurs with ART therapy

Answer: (B)

ART can contribute to metabolic syndrome, including lipid abnormalities. Some antiretroviral regimens, especially older protease inhibitors, have been linked to metabolic changes such as dyslipidemia (high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol) and insulin resistance, which are components of metabolic syndrome. Lipodystrophy and central fat accumulation can also occur with certain therapies, further influencing metabolic risk. However, these effects are not universal; not every patient on ART develops metabolic syndrome, and some regimens have more favorable metabolic profiles. The other statements aren’t accurate because ART does not prevent metabolic syndrome, does affect lipid levels, and metabolic syndrome does not always occur with ART therapy. Clinically, this means monitoring lipid panels, glucose, blood pressure, and body fat distribution, along with promoting lifestyle measures and coordinating ART choices to minimize metabolic risk.